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[ Home ] [ Dietary Supplements or Functional Foods ] [ Darwinian Medicine ] [ Adaptation & Darwinian Medicine ] [ TGA & the Pan Crisis ] [ Pan Crisis ] [ Health Trends ] [ Medical Rationing ] [ Do Not Resuscitate ] [ Alternative Medicine Takeover ] [ Holistic or Reductionist? ] [ Orthodox Medicine ] [ Science Today, Quackery Tomorrow ] [ Integrated Medicine ] [ Medical Bias ] [ Health Topics ] [ Hypophobia ] [ Nutrition Breakthroughs ] [ Nutrition & Megavitamins ]
Nutrition News & Dangerous Vitamins
Scientists Continue to Uncover the Amazing Potential of Nutrition as the
Medical World Warns of the Dangers of Nutritional Supplements
Experts Predict Genetic Nutritional Therapies for Many Chronic
Diseases in the Bold Future World of Nutrition
References |
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"The very people who
should have been able to give expert guidance to the
layman's intuitions about nutrition have, in fact, virtually
abandoned the field.......a depressing aspect of the
situation is that the layman's intuitions, uninformed as
they may be, are more often justified than the physician's
neglect."
Roger Williams, Nutrition
Against Disease, Pitman Publishing Co., 1973. |
As I have indicated elsewhere (Nutrition
is For the Birds, Pan Crisis,
Medical Bias, Nutrition
& Megavitamins, Dietary Supplements,
TGA & the Pan Crisis,
Codex in Australia, Modern Medicine & the
Codex, Drug Reactions & the TGA,
Alternative Medicine Inquiry,
Alternative Medicine, Pan, & Codex), for more than half a century the
drug oriented medical establishment has been clutching at any straw they
could find in an attempt to discredit the nutritional supplement industry.
This is in spite of the fact that the medical world has long
held the view that the safety of nutritional supplements is not an issue,
their concerns being merely financial as they expressed concern about poor gullible consumers wasting
their money on placebos which do no more than create expensive urine and nutritionally enrich our sewerage (Pan
Crisis). However, as scientists continue to provide scientific
evidence to explain the reasons why millions of people throughout the
world have been experiencing health benefits from large doses of various
vitamins for decades, the medical profession, just as they did with
folic acid, are still clinging to their favoured drug paradigm of
disease treatment. Amazingly it seems, the medical profession will be
the last section of the community to realise the benefits of nutrition.
As has already occurred with folic acid, millions of people will have been experiencing these benefits for
decades before doctors realise the gravity of their 'mistake'.
So what is the truth according to the available evidence? Can so many
doctors be so wrong?
I have outlined elsewhere (Nutrition &
Megavitamins, B Vitamins,
Holistic or Reductionist? ,
Nutrition is For the
Birds) the voluminous amount of scientific evidence accumulated over
the past half century which illustrates the positive health benefits of
nutritional supplements. I have also considered elsewhere the available
evidence of the safety of both nutritional supplements (Dietary
Supplements, Holistic or Reductionist?,
Health Trends ) and pharmaceutical drugs (Dietary
Supplements, Holistic or Reductionist?,
Health Trends, Drug
Reactions & the TGA). I have discussed in detail the amazing
lengths to which the medico-pharmaceutical industry has gone in an an
effort to convince the public of the dangers of nutritional supplements
while at the same time they have displayed very little concern regarding the
extensive evidence of the dangers of pharmaceutical drugs (Dietary
Supplements, Holistic or Reductionist?,
Health Trends, Pan Crisis).
I have also considered elsewhere trends in nutrition (Nutrition
& Megavitamins, B Vitamins,
Holistic or Reductionist? ,
Nutrition is For the
Birds) and also trends in public health and the
incidence of diseases (Health Trends,
Holistic or Reductionist?) which have
resulted from the strategies adopted by modern medicine. This
evidence reveals a staggering increase in the incidence of both iatrogenic diseases and chronic diseases (Health
Trends, Holistic or Reductionist?) and
yet, in spite of this, many in the medical establishment express much
more concern about the 'dangers' of the safest health promoting products
on the market (ie nutritional supplements). The little concern they express
about the thousands of patients who die from adverse drug reactions is most
noteworthy (Dietary Supplements,
Holistic or Reductionist?,
Health Trends, Pan Crisis).
Interestingly, those who display a very dismissive attitude to
adverse drug reactions and the suffering of those who are so afflicted,
commonly seem to also favour a consistently negative attitude towards
the benefits of nutrition.
Unlike such negative attitudes, this article is about the positive
aspects of nutrition and the continuing challenge faced in overcoming
the anti-nutrition bias or vitaminphobia which is still so
prominent in the world of mainstream medicine and nutrition. As has
recently been noted by O'Dea, even the Australian government is
responsible for encouraging this traditional disinterest in nutrition (1):
"The Essential Role of Government
and the Dereliction of Duty
One of the other observations made about the
history of nutrition education in Australia
is that rather than nutrition education
being an important, high priority, sustained
goal of Governments since the war years, it
has been only supported as a bit of a
knee-jerk response to serious problems and
crises such as heart disease and obesity.
Successive Governments have paid very little
attention to the importance of nutrition
since World War II. We have only had 3
National Nutrition Surveys of nutritional
status in this country in the whole 200
years of white settlement. Governments have
not really supported the importance of good
nutrition or nutrition education and the
response to crises has been very typical
over the years."
|
But O'Dea goes further, drawing attention to the fundamentally
negative attitude the Australian government has traditionally encouraged
regarding nutrition (1):
"Another theme or trend that we can
observe from our history is the move from
positive, motivating early messages about
nutrition to the current negatively based,
“problem” messages that we see today............Somewhere
along the way, largely in the 1950s and
1960s nutrition education messages became
almost purely negatively focussed. We had
the heart disease scare during the time, the
discovery of cholesterol, the “dangers” of
fats, the “fear” of overweight and
escalating news about diet related health
problems"
|
Since these traditional negative attitudes have been more than
adequately publicised elsewhere, this discussion will
focus predominantly upon more positive recent developments in nutrition
which tend not to get adequate publicity. I will seek to examine recent trends in nutrition and the
traditional anti-nutrition bias of the medical establishment (Medical
Bias). Have they learned from past 'mistakes' or are they still
continuing with the same old 'promote the safety of drugs'
campaign and the negative 'prime time TV scare
the public about vitamins' campaign? Do their public comments really
reflect the scientific facts? Do they publicise breakthroughs in
nutrition or are positive aspects of nutrition concealed and confined to
scientific journals? And what is all this hysteria about reports of the
dangers of nutritional supplements? Is there really new evidence that
thousands of people are dying from ingesting dietary supplements? Or, on
the other hand, is it the same negative traditional old 'nutrition is
quackery' propaganda which has been peddled by those whose loyalties are
more closely connected with the drug industry than with vitamins? |
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Recently, once again, researchers have been attempting to show the
dangerous nature of vitamin supplements by claiming that the use of
vitamins actually increases the death rate, a recent study by Bjelakovic
and colleagues (2) having been given wide publicity around the world (3,
4,
5). This report however, has been criticised (6,
7,
8)
and also described as "alarmist" (9),
with experts recommending that people should not discontinue their
vitamin supplements (9,
10). Notwithstanding these criticisms, and the extremely biased and
'mistake' ridden history of doctors when it comes to nutrition, some
experts still supported warnings of the alleged dangers of nutritional
supplements resulting from this study (4,
5):
" Australian expert Luis Vitetta, from the
Centre for Complementary Medicine and
Research, said the results were 'very
concerning' and added strength to
evidence that vitamins can do more harm than
good.'There's a billion dollar
vitamin industry based on this idea that
people can prevent disease when they're
actually just putting themselves at extra
risk,' said Prof Vitetta, from the
University of Queensland."
|
It is indeed strange that Vitetta generalises about the "billion
dollar vitamin industry" though the study of Bjelakovic and
colleagues concluded that only three nutrients "may" have a
slight adverse effect upon mortality while one nutrient actually
reduced mortality (2).
Similarly, Cain responded to this report by suggesting there is "no
need for anyone to take vitamin supplements" somehow apparently
extrapolating data on these three nutrients to all vitamins (4):
"Australian Medical Association
spokesman Chris Cain said there was
really no need for anyone to take
vitamin supplements unless
prescribed by a doctor.
'It is important for people to
take these vitamins with the advice
and support of their doctor,' he
said.
'The reality is that if people
have a healthy and balanced diet,
they will get all of the vitamins
they need. Of course there are
special circumstances where people
develop problems in metabolising
vitamins, but in that case they will
be prescribed them by a doctor'."
|
Of course, given the traditional and obsessive anti-nutrition bias of
modern medicine (Medical
Bias, Nutrition
is For the Birds), patients could not rely upon many doctors to prescribe
vitamins which after all, they claim do no more than enrich our sewerage
(Pan Crisis). I have indicated elsewhere the
tragic story of my father who doctors disgracefully refused to give
vitamins even though he was dying of starvation (Do
Not Resuscitate), although this is not too surprising since hospital
patients have a history of developing malnutrition whilst under the care
of doctors (Nutrition
is For the Birds). And doctors know elderly patients, especially
those in nursing homes
frequently suffer from malnutrition but still they commonly refuse to
prescribe vitamins (The New
Paradigm,
Doctors Discover Malnutrition in the Elderly). Since, according to this evidence, it seems many
doctors consider malnutrition
and starvation insufficient evidence to warrant the use of vitamins,
it would seem it is up to the public to obtain their nutritional guidance from
other sources if they wish to avoid malnutrition. The folic acid lesson
is destined to be learned over and over again in regard to other
nutrients (The Folic Acid
Lesson).
The end result of this anti-nutrition bias or vitaminphobia is
that diet related disease was estimated to have cost Australia more than
$2 billion even as far back as 1989-90 (11).
Interestingly, this data was not published (11)
by the Australian Institute of
Health and Welfare (AIHW) even though the AIHW regularly
publishes detailed health reports regarding the advantages of
modern drug oriented medicine (Health Trends).
I have drawn attention previously (Nutrition
is For the Birds) to the AIHW's claim in 2002 that "nutritional
deficiency is uncommon among the Australian population in general"
and pointed out at that time the foolishness of such a statement (Nutrition
is For the Birds). In spite of this amazing statement, four
years later the AIHW apparently decided that "data collection"
was inadequate to properly assess the nutritional status of Australians
(12):
"it is evident that key
components of data relevant to food
and nutrition monitoring in
Australia are not collected on an
ongoing basis and are no longer
recent......This lack of recent data
for some key areas, along with the
gaps and inconsistencies, make it
difficult to monitor changes in
nutrition in Australia and to
effectively evaluate the dietary
guidelines as a key policy
document.......In light of ongoing
nutrition concerns and gaps in existing data collection, this
report highlights the need for the
development of Australian indicators
for food and nutrition monitoring.
These would be an important part of
a comprehensive framework for data
collection and reporting, within an
ongoing system of monitoring and
surveillance."
|
Similarly, when the AIHW reported the nutritional status of
Australian children in 2007 they commented (13):
"while this report highlights the lack of recent data relating to
children’s nutrition, this
should be largely remedied by the planned Kids Eat, Kids Play (KEKP)
survey." These admissions, which further confirm the continuing
200 year neglect of nutrition spoken of by O'Dea (1), are absolutely disgraceful given the key
role of the AIHW is to advise the Australian government about health and
nutrition matters.
But although there is now to some degree at least, an awakening
to this traditional nutritional neglect in Australia, earlier comments by experts like Wahlqvist and
Briggs expressed more concern about Australians taking too many
vitamins, an assessment which of course contradicts the current
functional food craze (14;
see also Dietary Supplements or Functional
Foods):
"If people are persuaded
that their diet is deficient in a
particular vitamin or mineral or
some other nutrient they may believe
that they need nutrient supplements,
like vitamin pills. Unfounded fears
about the food supply in countries
like Australia have contributed to
the use, even abuse, of nutrient
supplements on a regular basis by at
least 20 percent of the adult
population. In our society we can
afford to demand high quality in our
food supply. But we should not allow
ourselves to be at the mercy of
those who have much to gain
financially from these fears."
|
In America such was the concern in the 1980s about people using
vitamins and dietary supplements that the newly
established Nutrition Quackery Prevention Task Force initiated a media
campaign in an attempt to counteract this dangerous trend (15).
Amongst the scientific tactics employed by the Task Force were the use
of (15)
"Don't Go Quackers Over Food Supplements" bumper stickers and
buttons." Perhaps today we need new updated bumper stickers such as 'Don't
Become Demented Over Drugs', 'Refuse Food Supplements at Your Own
Risk" or 'Don't Get Fanatical Over the Functional Food Fad'.
Medicine's long and disgraceful history of unscientific
anti-nutrition bias and vitaminphobia is demonstrated by the
history of folic acid (The
Folic Acid Lesson, Medical
Bias, Nutrition
& Megavitamins, Nutrition
is For the Birds). Interestingly, since Roger Williams highlighted the vital
importance of folic acid half a century ago (Nutrition
& Megavitamins, Nutrition
is For the Birds), doctors continued arguing and expressing more concern about
the 'dangers' of folic acid until the mid 1990's (16;
The Folic Acid Lesson).
Now of course, realising the gravity of their 'mistake', they want to add this 'dangerous' vitamin to staple foods
like flour and bread (18,
19,
20; The Folic Acid
Lesson) where
there will be absolutely no control over individual dosage levels. In
fact, Annette King, the Minister for State Services in the New Zealand
government, has recently described the addition of folic acid to bread
as (21)
"a triumph for humanity and common sense." Just who has
been preventing or delaying this "triumph" was not explained by Ms King,
but most conspicuously, there
has been no apology from the medical world for all those who suffered
(& are still suffering) needlessly while doctors argued about the dangers of folic acid. We are
still waiting.
As far as the recent study of Bjelakovic and
colleagues (2)
is concerned, it should be realised firstly that few if any would dare
to dispute the
vast health benefits of vitamins and antioxidants in foods, a point
which is emphasised by Bjelakovic and colleagues (2):
| "Because we examined only the influence of synthetic
antioxidants, our findings should not be translated to
potential effects of fruits and vegetables." |
The reader should note the distinction here between
the superiority of natural antioxidants compared to synthetic
antioxidants. It seems there is no doubt about the benefits of
antioxidants per se, only the inferiority of synthetic antioxidants.
All over the world researchers are struggling to
identify the precise reasons for the health promoting effects of
dietary constituents (Nutrition &
Megavitamins). The effects of diet on all manner of diseases
including heart disease and cancer is not denied but scientists are
constantly frustrated by the continual failure of their search for a
single
'magic' constituent in foods (Nutrition &
Megavitamins). But scientists still persist with their efforts
to reduce the holistic benefits of nutrition to a single magic pill. And the medico-pharmaceutical world
eagerly anticipates the gold mine which will result if a single patentable medicine can be discovered. The failure of scientists to
demonstrate the true benefits of nutrition in their statistical
studies and clinincal trials is a result of the poor and
inappropriate reductionist
methodology they use (When
There is Evidence for Nutrition but Little Evidence for Evidence
Based Medicine, Nutrition &
Megavitamins, Holistic or Reductionist?,
Orthodox Medicine, Evidence
Based Medicine and Quackery). Roger Williams pointed out decades ago the
reasons why medical trials, such as are used to evaluate drugs, are
not appropriate for nutritional research (Nutrition
& Megavitamins), a fact which has recently been confirmed by
Fairfield and Stampfer (22).
The study of Bjelakovic and colleagues (2)
underlines yet again the foolishness of attempting to artificially
confine
nutrition to a simplistic reductionist
environment and the inability of modern medicine to understand and
define the true holistic benefits of nutrition (Holistic or Reductionist?).
Though scientists throughout the world continue to attempt to force
nutrition to abide by the artificial simplistic reductionist
philosophy adhered to by modern medicine, their efforts are in vain.
In regard to the study of Bjelakovic and colleagues (2)
I make the following additional points.
- according to these workers this study was confined to trials
that involved deaths and therefore trials with totally positive
outcomes (ie no deaths) were excluded.
- this study seeks to further consolidate clinical trials as the
final arbiter on the validation of nutritional knowledge when the
very serious and fundamental limitations of such trials,
particularly in relation to nutritional supplements, are very
well known (When
There is Evidence for Nutrition but Little Evidence for Evidence
Based Medicine,
Medical
Evidence or Medical Ignorance?, Medical Bias).
- this study does not produce any new data but only reassesses
data from previous studies.
- the study was very limited, being confined to only five specific
nutrients.
- the study fails to distinguish between natural
vitamins (ie natural forms & containing related synergistic
substances) and synthetic supplements. With vitamin E
for instance, it has long been known that supplements of the entire
family of vitamin E compounds are superior to supplements of alpha-tocopherol
alone (17;
see also
Dispelling the Vitamin E Myths,
But Isn't Holistic Medicine Just quackery?). Strangely, in spite of
all this scientific evidence, Bjelakovic and colleagues avoided
making any such distinction.
- scientists apparently consider vitamin E and other antioxidants
so safe they are exploring ways of increasing the level of these
nutrients in foods either by adding the nutrients to foods, or by
producing crops with genetically increased antioxidant levels, even
though varying food consumption means dosages of nutrients in
different individuals would therefore be impossible to control (Dietary
Supplements or Functional Foods,
Dispelling the Vitamin E Myths).
I find the conclusions of Bjelakovic and colleagues (2)
especially enlightening. According to these workers:
| "Treatment with beta carotene, vitamin A, and vitamin E
may increase mortality. The potential roles of vitamin C and
selenium on mortality need further
study....................We did not find convincing evidence
that antioxidant supplements have beneficial effects on
mortality. Even more, beta carotene, vitamin A, and vitamin
E seem to increase the risk of death. Further randomized
trials are needed to establish the effects of vitamin C and
selenium." |
It is most noteworthy that according to Bjelakovic and colleagues the two nutrients reported to have neutral
or positive effects on mortality both need further study, not for their
possible positive effects, but rather for their "potential" effects upon
mortality. It seems the other nutrients deserve no further study.
To obtain a truly authoritative and scientifically valid
assessment of the 'danger' of health promoting vitamins it is appropriate to seek the
guidance of those who are experts in nutrition rather than those who
have traditionally been supportive of drug therapies and opposed to
vitamins. One such expert is Adrianne Bendich (23):
| "My involvement in vitamin safety issues seems
to be a natural progression which followed our research in
humans. The first vitamin E/immunity studies at Tufts
University used 800 IU of vitamin E daily. It was important
to document the safety of this level of vitamin E for
obtaining Institutional Review Board approval of the study
protocol. Similar information was needed for beta-carotene,
vitamin A, vitamin C, and vitamin B-6. The review papers
that I have written on the safety of each of these
micronutrients have involved very careful analysis of the
published literature, going back 50 or more years. The
conclusions about the safety of each micronutrient are based
upon a prioritization of the source of the data. The highest
priority is given to information published in peer-reviewed
journals from placebo-controlled, double-blind studies. Next
in priority are studies which did not include a placebo,
then individual case studies, and finally anecdotal reports.
Following such an in-depth analysis, it is remarkable to
find that almost all of the "safety" issues often mentioned
are not based on solid data." |
Rather than become obsessed with negative claims about nutrition, let us
examine more positive developments which do not receive the same
headlines.
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There is no secret about the fact that the fundamental drug paradigm
of modern medicine is a failure
when it comes to the effective treatment of most chronic diseases
which are the overwhelming causes of morbidity and mortality today
(Holistic or Reductionist?,
Health Trends, Global
Trends in Health Care). Not only have the increased use of
pharmaceutical drugs correlated with an enormous increase in the
incidence of chronic diseases (Holistic or Reductionist?,
Health Trends, Nutrition &
Megavitamins), but furthermore, the iatrogenic
effects of drugs are directly responsible for thousands of deaths every
year (Holistic or Reductionist?,
Health Trends, Nutrition &
Megavitamins, Dietary Supplements). These facts have created an environment of desperation in
medical circles (Darwinian Medicine). Medicine is desperate for effective and safe
alternatives which is why the medical world is so enthusiastically embracing the fields of genetics and
nutrition (Darwinian Medicine).
I have previously cited a voluminous amount of scientific literature
confirming the safety and effectiveness of a wide variety of nutrients
for preventing or treating all manner of diseases (Nutrition &
Megavitamins, B Vitamins, Nutrition
is For the Birds, Dietary Supplements, Darwinian Medicine,
Asthma and B Vitamins). So what is happening
now? Is science uncovering more evidence of the dangers of those
essential health promoting substances called vitamins? Has all this
positive evidence suddenly ceased and been replaced by evidence of the
dangers of these natural substances which are essential for life and
health?
I must admit I was not too surprised to find that science is learning
more and more about the potential of nutrition to prevent, treat, or
perhaps cure, all manner of diseases. The medical world is at last
learning the foolishness of the obsessive anti-nutrition bias and
vitaminphobia they have
clearly displayed for the past century (24;
Medical Bias).
Rather than prove that nutrients are not necessary for life and health
modern researchers have continued to demonstrate that increased intake
of vitamin A and other nutrients may reduce the incidence of gastric
cancer (25,
26); increased vitamin D intake may improve immune function, reduce
the number of falls in the elderly, improve muscle strength, protect
against multiple sclerosis, and have an anti-cancer effect (27,
28,
29,
30,
31,
32); vitamin C may reduce the incidence of cataracts,
lower the death rates from chronic diseases and reduce the incidence and
severity of pneumonia (33,
34,
35,
36,
37); increased intake of folic acid may reduce the incidence of
cancer and Alzheimer's disease, and reduce the incidence of cancer and
birth defects in children (38,
39,
40,
41,
42); and omega-3 fatty acids, antioxidants and other nutrients may
improve the function of the brain and nervous system and delay the onset
of heart disease, eye diseases, and other ageing diseases (43,
44,
45,
46,
47,
48,
49,
50,
51,
52). Recently it has been reported that doctors were "astonished"
at the effect of a simple supplement of omega-3 and omega-6 fatty
acids on the brains and intellectual ability of four children (53,
54). According to Professor Basant Puri who led the study (53),
the brains of the children showed three years growth in only three
months and this was also confirmed by remarkable improvements in
academic performance (53):
| "The results were astonishing. In three months you
might expect to see a small NAA increase. But we saw as much
growth as you would normally see in three years. "
"It was as if these were the brains of children three years
older. It means you have more connections and greater
density of nerve cells, in the same way that a tree grows
more branches." |
Nutrition experts such as Machlin, provide a more authoritative view
of the enormous potential of vitamins (55):
| "With vitamins, as you indicated earlier, there
is a tremendous amount of information about vitamins
lowering the risk of cancer and cardiovascular disease............over
90% of published studies show that higher intakes of beta
carotene lowers the risk of certain cancers." |
In spite of the voluminous amount of evidence confirming the positive
effects of vitamins and nutritional supplements there remains much ignorance about the
most accurate ways of testing for vitamin status (56)
and doctors still generally prefer to prescribe drugs rather than the
much safer nutritional supplements.
Not surprisingly, scientific evidence confirming the safety and health
promoting benefits of vitamins is continuing to accumulate as it has for
the past half century. Far from any sudden reversal of this trend,
scientific and medical interest in the potential benefits of nutritional
supplements is intensifying as the traditional drug oriented approach of
medicine fails to arrest the alarming incidence of chronic diseases. In
fact, dietary supplements or functional foods, because of their well
known potential for treating or preventing many chronic diseases, are
now being regarded as the possible "saviour" of our our health
care system (Dietary Supplements or Functional
Foods). In other words, it is rapidly being accepted that foods and
micronutrients may have more potential health benefits than the vast
assortment of drugs developed by scientific medicine over the past half
century.
Perhaps the
most exciting developments in nutritional research involve the
connection between nutrition and genetics or "nutrigenomics". Although
some refer to nutrigenomics as a 'new' field of research, in fact Roger
Williams pioneered these principles under the term 'genetotrophic
concept' half a century ago (Nutrition &
Megavitamins) but unfortunately, due to the anti-nutrition bias
and vitaminphobia
of medical researchers, his findings have been virtually ignored by
orthodox medicine (Nutrition &
Megavitamins, Medical Bias). |
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There is a revolution occurring in the scientific world regarding
nutrition. For more than half a century we have all been told, with few
exceptions, that everyone in the world of the same age and sex needs
exactly the same daily amount of each nutrient. This was termed the RDA
or Recommended Dietary Allowance. For more than 50 years experts from
around the world confidently stated we all needed exactly the same
amount of each nutrient. This belief was based on the idea that we all metabolised nutrients with identical efficiency, a monstrous and
preposterous unscientific assumption. Although there has never been any
evidence to support this assumption, science and medicine have seen fit
to base their nutritional teachings on this belief for more than 50 years. The
entire practice of nutrition and medicine has been based upon a
preposterous assumption. This is in spite of the fact that Roger
Williams and others repeatedly pointed out the foolishness of such a
belief (Nutrition &
Megavitamins). Nutrigenomics supports the principles of
biochemical individuality taught by Roger Williams (Genetic
Nutrition - catch-up practice continues, Alternative
Medicine Inquiry). According to the principles of nutrigenomics and
personalised nutrition many people have
genetic alterations which affect their ability to metabolise nutrients
thereby creating the need for greatly altered intake levels if optimum
health is to be maintained (57,
58,
59,
60,
61,
62, 63,
64,
65, 66,
67,
68, 69;
see also
Genetic Nutrition - catch-up practice continues, Alternative
Medicine Inquiry). All around the world organisations are becoming
established to coordinate research into the connection between nutrients
and genetics or nutrigenomics (74,
75,
76,
77,
78,
79). The history of
genetic nutrition has been outlined in a submission to the White
House Commission on Alternative Medicine in 2001 (118):
| "In 1902 Archibald Garrod, father of the concept
of genetic metabolism diseases, wrote in the Lancet,
"Disease may occur as a result of the variations in
molecules and their concentrations in the body."3
This theme was mirrored in 1949 in Linus Pauling's
groundbreaking paper titled "Sickle Cell Anemia: A Molecular
Disease." He found that genetic differences among
individuals could account for the production of diseases
with symptoms across many organ systems.4
In 1952 Roger Williams, PhD, discoverer of the B-vitamin
pantothenic acid, wrote about biochemical individuality and
genetetrophic diseases. He postulated these diseases were
modifiable by personally tailored nutritional therapies.5
In 2001 this concept is described as "functional
genomics." Through advances made in understanding the
genetic code locked within our 23 pairs of chromosomes,
researchers have determined that common age-related diseases
are not single-gene diseases and inevitable, but that they
are instead controlled by multiple genes on different
chromosomes. They are usually not expressed as disease until
the person's genes are plunged into a harmful nutritional
environment and lifestyle. In a sense, this relates to the
concept of "genetic potential through nutrition." Nutrition
and micronutrients bathe our genes each day with information
from which our phenotypes result." |
As I have stated previously (Alternative
Medicine Inquiry):
"The groundbreaking work of Roger Williams (62-69)*,
Abram Hoffer (70-73)* and Linus Pauling (74-77)* 50 years ago is being increasingly confirmed by modern scientists who
now predict that many genetic diseases may soon be treatable by megadoses of vitamins specifically individualised for each person
(78,79,80)*. Scientists
are now confirming that many people have a genetically increased need for specific nutrients which can only be satisfied by taking large doses of the affected nutrients. According to Eckhardt for instance
(78)*,
"the advancing wave of knowledge about the human genome has confirmed the idea that each of us must be genetically unique in our nutritional
needs."
According to Ames and coworkers (80)* the treatment of many genetic diseases will soon be based upon megavitamin therapy using vitamin doses perhaps
"hundreds of times" higher than the RDA: "provided safe
doses are used there is potentially much benefit and possibly little harm in trying high dose nutrient therapy because of the nominal cost, ease of application, and low level of
risk.
The vindication of the work of Williams and Pauling is highly significant. The
rejection by mainstream medicine of the scientific facts underlining the
importance of nutritional individuality and the use of megavitamins over
the past 50 years has resulted in this concept becoming the exclusive
domain of alternative medicine. This of course was largely inevitable due
to the constructive holistic approach to health care which is central to
alternative medicine. Because nutrition was considered incompatible with
medicine's reductionist symptomatic drug oriented perspective, Linus
Pauling was regarded as a quack by the mainstream medical community (42,83,84)*.
By the late 1990's however Pauling was acknowledged as a genius (42,84)*
and the concept of megavitamin therapy became a (42)*
"respectable hypothesis". Since that time progress has
continued with the development of the "new" science of nutritional
genomics or nutrigenomics (85,86,87)*
which is based upon the principles of the genetotrophic concept
described by Williams fifty years earlier (63-66,68,69,88)*.
Like the genetotrophic concept, nutrigenomics accepts that our nutritional
needs are highly individual and largely genetically determined, hence the
frequent need for megadoses of nutrients to maintain health." *Note:
For a complete listing of these references see
Alternative Medicine Inquiry |
I have also emphasised elsewhere the the teachings of Roger Williams
on this subject half a century ago (Genetic
Nutrition -catch up practice continues):
"But Williams emphasised around half a century ago (
61 )*, on the basis of the
genetotrophic concept, that nutrition could dramatically affect the expression of genetic characteristics. At a time when virtually the entire scientific world was obsessed with reducing the human race to a make believe set of statistical averages where human individuality ceased to exist, Williams emphasised
the vital importance of genetic and biochemical
individuality. According to Williams ( 61 )*: 'understanding and appreciating what heredity distinctively does for an individual
may make it possible to cope environmentally with his difficulties'........' unless we
know about distinctive nutritional needs imposed by one's heredity, we are in no
position to meet these needs.' In fact, in his classical publication
on biochemical individuality ( 61)* Williams makes the
following plea: 'the plea which is the crux
of this book is that all human differences, including metabolic ones, but not
excluding others, be subjected to intensive and extensive study.'..............................
The relationship between genetics and nutrition, or "genetic
nutrition", has also been recently acknowledged by Herbert ( 300,
301 )*. According
to Herbert ( 300
)*: 'if a gene mutation alters a protein that is part of the
biochemical machinery for absorption, transport delivery or utilisation of
an essential micronutrient, the amount of that nutrient we must ingest to
sustain health may be raised or lowered.' Whether we describe it
as genetic nutrition or the genetotrophic concept, it is gratifying also to see scientific progress being made in regard to nutritional
individuality and acceptance of the need for megavitamin therapy. Another
interesting aspect of genetic nutrition is the yet to be determined
possibility that such genetic aberrations may be subject to the effects of
genetic anticipation (ie.
the tendency to occur more severely and at younger ages in succeeding
generations).*Note:
For a complete listing of these references see
Nutrition & Megavitamins |
Additionally, I have emphasised previously the shameful way the medical
establishment has treated brilliant scientists like Roger Williams who
pioneered the concept of biochemical individuality and genetic nutrition
(Genetic
Nutrition -catch up practice continues):
| "In considering nutritional research which has been done in the past decade there seems to me to be little point in citing the results of research which merely represents a repetition of work which has already been done many years earlier. However, for the sake of completeness I will consider a cross section of what some may consider to be "new" research. My concern here is that until the original researchers receive appropriate recognition and acknowledgement it is inappropriate to describe any research as being new unless it is indeed original
research, although this seems to be an accepted practice in modern
medicine ( 204 )*. A
monumental injustice continues to be perpetuated here against brilliant scientists whose contribution to the field of nutrition has continued to lead the scientific world for more than half a century. We should not have to pretend a discovery is "new" simply to protect the egocentric insecurity and professional jealousy of those members of the "scientific" community whose contribution has not only been inconspicuous and quite forgettable, but perhaps has also been confined to negative comments."
*See Nutrition & Megavitamins |
Half a century ago Roger Williams, Linus Pauling, Abram Hoffer and
others drew attention to the fact that many people required increased
dosages of vitamins to sustain optimum health, a suggestion which was
derided as quackery by the medical establishment throughout the world.
Now however it is known that many people have a genetically increased
need for vitamins which increases the dietary requirement for these
vitamins (57,
58,
59,
60,
61,
62, 63,
64,
65, 66,
67,
68, 69).
These are revolutionary findings indeed for the medical world which has
long been obsessed with formulating medical treatments and diets for the
non-existent statistically average person. Now the extreme extent of
their long held misconceptions about vitamins is slowly being realised.
Doctors and scientists could not believe for instance, that
nutritionally normal women could give birth to deformed babies
because of a nutritional deficiency such as folic acid deficiency
(76).
How could this possibly be? These women were nutritionally normal.
They had no signs of deficiency diseases such as scurvy,
beri beri or pellagra therefore they must have perfect nutritional
status.
After stating quite authoritatively previously that (see
Nutrition is For the
Birds) "nutritional
deficiency is uncommon among the Australian population in general,"
the AIHW has recently pointed out that new research into the "ideal"
nutritional status of Australians, including the influence of genetics,
is now required (12):
| "it would be beneficial to invest in research
into technical specifications for ‘ideal’ (i.e. not solely
based on existing data collection) food and nutrition
indicators for Australia, in conjunction with the ongoing
work towards the development of a monitoring system. To
develop these indicators, it would be essential to look at
indicators outside the dietary guidelines, although they are
an important place to start. The broad-ranging food and
nutrition indicators proposed for the EU may provide a
useful guideline. For example, additional indicators
proposed include environmental factors (such as policy and
nutrition interventions), nutrition-related inequalities,
and genetic factors and interaction." |
Scientists are at long last beginning to learn that absence of the so called
classical deficiency diseases does not constitute scientific proof of "optimum"
or "ideal" nutritional status. Indeed, it seems that such beliefs, like the
traditional medical view that everyone in the world of the same age and sex
requires the same daily dosage of vitamins, have now been exposed as
quackery according to current scientific evidence, a matter which must
surely be of grave concern to those who have been most vocal about
quackery. Now it is predicted,
according to current scientific evidence, medical treatments will soon
be formulated on an individual basis for certain diseases by increasing
the consumption of specific nutrients according to genetic traits
(59,
60,
63,
64,
65, 66,
67,
68,
77,
78,
79,
80,). In fact, according to Go and colleagues (78),
such is the current revolution in medicine that medicine is evolving
from the once popular 'evidence based medicine'
(81;
Evidence
Based Medicine and Quackery,
When There is
Evidence for Nutrition but Little Evidence for Evidence Based Medicine) to 'genomic medicine' (78)
"because genomic medicine has the potential to give rise
to personalized nutrition recommendations and specialized
medical treatment." Traditionally of course, the
reductionist basis of medicine dictates that
doctors treat the disease and not the patient but as Go and colleagues point out,
current trends represent a more 'holistic' approach (79):
| "These advances have transformed biomarker studies on
nutrient-gene interactions from a reductionist
concept into a holistic practice in which many
regulated genes involved in metabolism, along
with its metabolic phenotypes, can be measured through
functional genomics and metabolic profiling. The
overall integration of data and information from
the building blocks of metabolism-based
nutrient-gene interaction can lead to future individualized
dietary recommendations to diminish cancer risk.
" |
Revolutionary it may be for those who rejected the research of
brilliant scientists like Roger Williams but there is still more to this
story.
Scientists have long rejected the Lamarckian view that acquired
characteristics cannot be genetically transferred, but now the very
fundamentals of Darwinism have been turned upside down with the new
field of 'epigenetics' (78,
79,
82,
83,
84, 85 ). Not only may nutritional deficiencies during pregnancy lead to
chronic diseases in later life (86),
but according to epigenetics the nutritional environment during
pregnancy may cause illnesses which are passed from generation to
generation. (
84,
86,
87,
88 ). Genetic deterioration in succeeding generations has previously
been termed 'genetic
anticipation'.
The scientific world is increasingly
uncovering evidence that in the future many serious diseases may be
treated by increased doses of vitamins which are individualised for each
person. In view of these amazing revolutionary trends in medical science
it is astonishing that this is not headline news around the world.
Strange how the media gives preference to isolated, unsubstantiated or
statistically fabricated reports of the dangers of vitamins (Dietary Supplements) at a time
when there is such a revolution in the scientific world regarding
nutritional therapies.
As I have previously predicted so accurately (Pan
Crisis):
| "As
part of this scare campaign there will
probably also be a proliferation of highly
publicised but poorly researched or biased
studies (see
Dietary Supplements) aimed at linking
alternative medicines to adverse effects.
If medicine is successful in its
bid to create widespread paranoia about
alternative medicines, then the alternative
medicine industry as we currently know it
will cease to exist. It will become just
another branch of medicine". |
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While some researchers, especially those whose expertise has
traditionally been more closely associated with medicine and drugs
rather than nutrition, seem committed to convincing the public that
vitamins and nutritional supplements are dangerous, scientific research
is continuing to reveal an extremely promising future for nutritional
therapies (39,
60,
89). Nutrition it seems, will be the medicine of the future (Dietary
Supplements or Functional Foods?).
According to Debusk and coworkers for instance (60):
| "Nutritional genomics, which studies the genome-wide
influences of nutrition, has far-reaching potential in the
prevention of diet-related disease. It is highly likely that
during the next decade the nutritional supplement and
functional food industries will continue robust growth in
response to advances in nutritional genomics research and
its applications." |
All the available evidence indicates quite clearly
that nutritional therapies are expected to be a centrepiece of
medicine's fight against disease in the 21st century (59,
60,
63,
64,
65, 66,
67,
68
77,
78,
79,
80), even in spite
of claims by some of the dangers of nutritional supplements (90,
91,
92, 93,
94,
95,
96;
Pan Crisis, Dietary
Supplements). It
seems that as science continues to reveal the potential of
nutritional therapies in scientific journals, so the public will be
subjected to more headlines about the dangers of vitamins in the
popular media, even in spite of the absence of any statistics
confirming the deadly nature of those health promoting substances
called vitamins. But as the future unfolds many people will be
forced to eat humble pie regarding their claims about the terrible
dangers of vitamins and natural supplements, especially when simple over the counter drugs like
paracetamol have caused more fatalities than all vitamins (97,
98).
For all these warnings about vitamins and in stark contrast to the
situation with drugs like paracetamol, it seems it is
extraordinarily difficult to obtain precise statistics regarding the
deaths which have resulted from ingesting these deadly health
promoting substances. This is indeed strange because the practice
in regard to pharmaceutical drugs is to wait until AFTER a large
number of deaths or serious reactions have occurred before issuing
public
warnings. With vitamins however, it has apparently been decided to
issue the warnings BEFORE there is evidence of a large number of
fatal reactions. The current controversy about
the sleeping drug Stilnox (or Ambien in the US)
provides a typical example of the response of medical experts to
adverse drug reactions. Recently there have been numerous
reports of serious adverse reactions to Stilnox with many people
sleepwalking and doing bizarre things such as driving in their
sleep, while others apparently walked off balconies or even
assaulted people, all this occurring while they were still asleep (99,
100,
101,
102,
103,
104,
105,
106,
107,
108). These continuing reports led Australian authorities to
issue an official warning about Stilnox (109)
although, interestingly, the government has so far refused to
withdraw this drug as they withdrew dietary supplements during the
Pan fiasco (see Pan Crisis). In fact,
although the TGA's own drug advisory committee, the Adverse Drug
Reactions Advisory Committee, recommended "one of the most
serious warnings possible" about Stilnox, the TGA refused to
take this advice, preferring instead to take advice from the drug
company which manufactures Stilnox (110,
111).
According to the Sunday program (110):
"Professor Duncan Topliss, the chair of the
so-called independent committee which investigates drugs -
the Adverse Drug Reactions Advisory Committee said it had
recommended one of the most serious warnings possible be
given to doctors about Stilnox - a so-called black box
warning.
Prof Topliss confirmed that recommendation was rejected by
Australia's drug regulator, the Therapeutic Goods
Administration, because the drug company which makes the
drug had proposed a watered down action, which did not
involve such serious warnings.
The regulator - the watchdog on drug safety in Australia -
took the advice of the multinational drug company, which
makes Stilnox, ahead of the advice of its own expert medical
committee." |
|
Even though Stilnox is being investigated for fatal reactions, including walking
off balconies, medical authorities apparently regard these reactions
much less seriously than occurred during the Pan crisis when
withdrawn vitamins were not shown to have made anyone ill (see Pan Crisis).
In fact, Sydney sleep expert Professor Ron Grunstein apparently
described reported adverse reactions to Stilnox as (112) "a bit
ridiculous" and he recommended that (113) "everyone needs to
take a cold shower." According to Grunstein (112), reports
about the dangers of Stilnox are anecdotal and there is no "hard
evidence". The manufacturers of Stilnox also emphasise
the 'safety' of this drug (114):
| "Stilnox® is quick to act and produces a quality of
sleep that is close to natural sleep without the side
effects which generally characterize hypnotics. Its effects
persist for a minimum of six hours and it is usually
well-tolerated. In addition, the risk of dependency is low
when the recommended doses and treatment times are followed"..........."Since
its launch in 1988, Stilnox® has been investigated in 160
studies involving 80,000 patients to demonstrate its
efficacy and tolerance. It has been better studied than any
other hypnotic in the world and the experience and feedback
provided by 14 billion nights of treatment is exceptional" |
|
Interestingly, as the incidence of dangerous drug
reactions continues to skyrocket, the Australian government
has recently decided to allocate more funds to controlling safe
alternative medicines such as vitamins and herbal teas (Alternative
Medicine Takeover,
Therapeutic Products Bill) and at the
same time withdraw funds from the Australian Adverse Medicine
Events Line (Adverse Drug Reactions Hotline
to Close) which was responsible for uncovering the extent of
the adverse effects of Stilnox in Australia. In spite of this move
by the Australian government to reduce surveillance of adverse drug
reactions which occur in the real world, medical experts have
long known that such reactions are identified mostly by real
life trials rather than simplistic clinical trials (115,
116). In other words, the real drug trial starts when the drug
is taken by real people in the real world, although most patients
are probably unaware they are participants in a huge experiment.
According to Lasser and colleagues (115),
it takes many years of drug use by the community to detect all
serious adverse drug reactions: "only half of newly discovered
serious ADRs are detected and documented in the
Physicians' Desk Reference within 7 years after drug
approval." According to these workers clinical trials frequently
do not detect serious adverse reactions simply because the trials
themselves form part of the drug marketing environment which is
constructed predominantly to promote successful sales rather than
detect adverse reactions. Like so many other drugs before it, the truth about
Stilnox will emerge in the end, perhaps not from simplistic 'clinical' trials,
but rather from real life trials by people throughout the world,
although this will now be more difficult in Australia following the
government's decision to withdraw support for the Adverse Drug
Reactions Hotline. But
let us hope that scientists and medical authorities will become
'educated' without the need for any further suffering. And let us
hope that real life human suffering and so called 'anecdotal
reports' are not glibly dismissed by health authorities.
Another strange anomaly
relates to the fact that many researchers seem to like to apply any
'evidence' (when it comes to alleged adverse vitamin reactions
evidence does not need to be scientific; see
Pan Crisis, Dietary
Supplements) of adverse reactions to one dietary supplement
to all dietary supplements as though all are identical substances
(Dietary Supplements). With
drugs however, the reverse applies. Even if one drug kills millions
of people it is usually considered this carries no implications for
the general use of drugs even though all are foreign compounds which have no
place in the healthy body. Why are medical
researchers so reluctant to compare the safety of
all commonly used potential therapeutic
substances in the one study and then, after identifying the
most hazardous substances, devote their efforts to saving human
lives? Why consistently ignore the most dangerous substances? It
would seem to me that anyone who is concerned primarily with public
health and safety considerations will concern themselves first with
those substances that are known to be the most hazardous. When even the most
biased and vitaminphobic researchers can no longer dispute the positive evidence
about nutrition we will no doubt
gradually see the traditional supporters of anti-nutrition bias (Medical
Bias) listing certain "exceptions" as they tire of their
diet of humble pie. "Oh", they may say, "folic acid is
different, it is an exception". "Although scientific evidence
and common sense told us the importance of folic acid 50 years ago
we were more interested in drugs at that time." "Folic
acid is a vitamin and everyone knows vitamins are essential for
health", they may say.
It is indeed
interesting to note that The American Dietetics Association
acknowledged in 2002 that (117)
"the federal government has recognized the strong link between
nutrition and health in recent years". In other words, almost a
century after most vitamins had been found to be essential or vital
for life and health and thus named "vita..mins", the American
government has discovered a link between nutrition and health.
How absolutely disgraceful that so little has been learned of
nutrition in the past 100 years following the discovery of the
vitamins. In this 100 year period, during which medical 'experts'
have derided nutrition as 'quackery', they have become
experts at pharmaceutical drugs and their toxic effects, and experts
too in the alarming increase in the statistical incidence of heart
disease and cancer. But they have only just recently managed to
discover a connection between nutrition and health.
The reader is left with the vitally important words
of renowned nutrition scientist Professor Bruce Ames (64):
| "It is inexcusable that anyone in
the world should have an inadequate
intake of a vitamin or mineral, at
great cost to that person's health, when a
year's supply of a daily
multivitamin/mineral pill as insurance against
deficiencies costs less than a few
packs of cigarettes.......A metabolic tune-up is
likely to have enormous health benefits,
particularly for those with inadequate
diets such as many of the poor and
the elderly who need improvement the most,
although it is currently not being
addressed adequately by the medical
community. The issues discussed here highlight
the need to educate the public about
the crucial importance of optimal nutrition
and the potential health benefits of
something as simple and affordable as
a daily multivitamin/multimineral supplement.
Tuning up metabolism to maximize the human
health span will require scientists,
clinicians and educators to abandon outdated
paradigms of micronutrients merely
preventing deficiency disease and
explore more meaningful ways to prevent chronic
disease and achieve optimal health
through optimal nutrition." |
|
Of course the evidence, and common sense, were
always there. But so was an unscientific bias and commercial
obsession with substances which are not essential for health, called
drugs.
|
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References |
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